Discovery, Identification and Classification
The history of the identification and classification of the Australian genus Eucalyptus began 1788 when French botanist Charles L'Heritier de Brutelle described Eucalyptus obliqua from specimens collected by botanist David Nelson on Captain Cook's third expedition in 1777 (Brooker & Kleinig, 1983).
Since then, significant milestones have been made in the taxonomy of Eucalyptus – from George Bentham's Flora Australiensis (1867), Ferdinand von Mueller's Eucalyptographia (1879-1884) and Joseph Maiden's A Critical Revision of the Genus Eucalyptus (1903-1933). These formed the basis for William Blakely's Key to the Eucalypts (1934). This work was in use for nearly forty years until Lyndsay Pryor and Lawrie Johnson published their informalA Classification of the Eucalypts (1971). Another milestone in 1995 was the publication of A revision of the bloodwoods, genus Corymbia (Myrtaceae), when Lawrie Johnson and Kenneth Hill split the genus Corymbia from genus Eucalyptus (Brooker, Slee, Connors & Duffy, 2002).
Today, botanists such as Deane Nicolle, Ian Brooker, Pauline Ladiges and others continue to discover more knowledge about the evolution, genetics, distribution and taxonomy of the eucalypts.
Under this theme, we have listed the botanists, collectors and explorers, and the herbaria and botanical gardens that were influential in the remarkable history in the taxonomy and classification of the Australian eucalyptus.
Sources
- Brooker, Ian and Kleinig, David, Field guide to eucalypts. V. 1. South-eastern Australia -- v. 2. South-western and southern Australia -- v. 3. Northern Australia. [3 volumes], Inkata Press, Melbourne, 1983. Details
- Brooker, M.I.H; Slee, A.V.; Connors, J.R.; Duffy, S. M., EUCLID - Eucalypts of Southern Australia [Online Sample], Second edn, Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research and Australian National Herbarium, 2002, http://www.anbg.gov.au/cpbr/cd-keys/Euclid/sample/html/index.htm. Details
Clicking on links in the list below will take you to the relevant entry in the Encyclopedia of Australian Science
A
- Adamson, Frederick M. (c. 1810 - c. 1860) - Botanical collector
- Albrecht, David Edward (1962 - ) - Taxonomic botanist
- Allen, Charles Ernest Frank (1876 - 1936?) - Agricultural expert, Botanic gardens director, Botanical collector, Public servant
- Andrews, Cecil Rollo Payton (1870 - 1951) - Botanical collector, Educator, Public servant
- Andrews, Ernest Clayton (1870 - 1948) - Botanical collector, Geologist
- Archer, William (1820 - 1874) - Botanist, Politician, Architect
- Atkinson, Caroline Louisa Waring (1834 - 1872) - Naturalist, Writer
- Australian National Botanic Gardens (1949 - ) - Botanic garden, Conservation or Environment, Horticulture, Plant Science
B
- Backhouse, James (1794 - 1869) - Botanical collector, Minister of religion, Missionary
- Baeuerlen, William (1840 - 1917) - Explorer, Botanist
- Bailey, Frederick Manson (1827 - 1915) - Botanical collector, Botanist, Horticulturist
- Baker, Richard Thomas (1854 - 1941) - Botanist, Museum curator
- Bancroft, Thomas Lane (1860 - 1933) - Physician, Taxonomist, Naturalist
- Banks, Joseph (1743 - 1820) - Naturalist, Explorer
- Barber, Horace Newton (1914 - 1971) - Botanist
- Barnard, Francis George Allman (1857 - 1932) - Entomologist, Naturalist
- Basedow, Herbert (1881 - 1933) - Explorer, Geologist, Medical practitioner, Anthropologist
- Bate, Mary Harriet (1855 - 1951) - Botanical collector
- Batt, John David (1843 - 1919) - Botanical collector, Farmer
- Baudin, Nicolas Thomas (1754 - 1803) - Navigator, Explorer
- Bauer, Ferdinand Lukas (1760 - 1826) - Botanical artist, Botanical collector
- Baxter, William (c. 1792 - ) - Botanical collector, Gardener
- Bayly, Michael James (1970 - ) - Academic, Phylogenetic systematist, Plant evolutionary biologist
- Bean, Anthony Russell (1957 - ) - Botanical consultant, Conservationist, Horticulturist, Seed collector
- Beckler, Hermann (1828 - 1914) - Botanical collector, Medical practitioner
- Behr, Hermann Hans (1818 - 1904) - Botanical collector, Medical practitioner, Pharmacist
- Bentham, George (1800 - 1884) - Author, Botanist
- Betche, Ernst (1851 - 1913) - Botanical collector, Botanist
- Bidwill, John Carne (1815 - 1853) - Botanist, Land commissioner
- Black, John McConnell (1855 - 1951) - Botanical collector, Botanist
- Black, Raleigh Adelbert (1880 - 1963) - Botanical collector
- Blackburne, James (1839 - 1927) - Botanical collector, Forester
- Blake, Stanley Thatcher (1911 - 1973) - Botanist
- Blakely, William Faris (1875 - 1941) - Botanical collector, Botanist, Gardener
- Blaxell, Donald Frederick (1934 - ) - Botanical collector, Botanist, Taxonomist
- Blaxland, Gregory (1778 - 1853) - Pastoralist
- Bleeser, Florenz August Carl (1871 - 1942) - Naturalist
- Boland, Douglas John (1947 - 2001) - Botanical collector, Botanist, Forester
- Boomsma, Clifford David (1915 - 2004) - Botanical collector, Forester
- Boorman, John Luke (c. 1864 - 1938) - Botanical collector
- Bosisto, Joseph (1824 - 1898) - Chemist, Pharmacist
- Bowman, Edward McArthur (1826 - 1872) - Botanical collector
- Brass, Leonard J. (1900 - 1971) - Botanical collector, Taxonomist, Explorer
- Briggs, Barbara Gillian (1934 - ) - Botanist, Phylogenetic systematist
- Brooker, Murray Ian Hill (Ian) (1934 - 2016) - Botanist, Eucalyptologist, Evolutionary biologist
- Brown, John Ednie (1848 - 1899) - Botanist, Forester
- Brown, Robert (1773 - 1858) - Botanist
- Burbidge, Nancy Tyson (1912 - 1977) - Botanist
- Burgess, Colin Ernest Bryce Hawthorne (1907 - 1987) - Botanical collector, Botanist, Minister of religion
- Burton, David (? - 1792) - Botanist, Surveyor
- Bynoe, Benjamin (c. 1803 - 1865) - Botanical collector, Surgeon
C
- Caley, George (1770 - 1829) - Botanist, Explorer
- Campbell, John Fauna (1853 - 1938) - Surveyor, Botanist
- Carne, Walter Mervyn (1885 - 1952) - Botanical collector, Botanist, Plant pathologist
- Carr, Denis John (1915 - 2008) - Botanist
- Carr, Stella Grace Maisie (Maisie) (1912 - 1988) - Botanist, Ecologist
- Cavanilles, Antonio Jose (1745 - 1804) - Botanist, Taxonomist
- Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR) (2010 - ) - Conservation or Environment
- Chapman, Wilfrid Dinsey (1891 - 1955) - Civil engineer
- Cheel, Edwin (1872 - 1951) - Botanist
- Chippendale, George McCartney (1921 - 2010) - Taxonomic botanist
- Chisholm, Edwin Claude (c. 1880 - 1944) - Botanical collector, Entomologist, Medical practitioner
- Cleland, John Burton (1878 - 1971) - Botanical collector, Pathologist, Epidemiologist, Ornithologist
- Cloez, Francois Stanislas (1817 - 1883) - Chemist
- Clunies Ross, William John (1850 - 1914) - Science educator
- Collie, Alexander (1793 - 1835) - Botanical collector, Physician, Explorer
- Considen, Denis (c. 1760 - 1815) - Natural history collector, Surgeon
- Cook, James (1728 - 1779) - Naval officer, Navigator, Explorer
- Copley, Bruce Jabez (1933 - 1984) - Botanical collector
- Crawford, Alexander Robert (1840 - 1912) - Botanical collector, Station manager
- Cunningham, Allan (1791 - 1839) - Botanist, Explorer
D
- Dallachy, John (c. 1803 - 1871) - Botanic gardens director, Botanist
- Dalrymple-Hay, Richard (1861 - 1943) - Botanical collector, Conservationist, Forester
- de Beuzeville, Wilfred Alexander Watt (1884 - 1954) - Botanical collector, Forester
- Dehnhardt, Frederick (1787 - 1870) - Botanist, Gardener
- Desfontaines, Rene Louiche (1752 - 1833) - Botanist, Taxonomist
- Diels, Friedrich Ludwig Emil (1874 - 1945) - Botanist
- Domin, Karel (1882 - 1953) - Botanical collector, Botanist
- Drummond, James (c. 1786 - 1863) - Botanist, Naturalist
- Dunlop, Clyde Robert (1946 - ) - Botanist
- Dwyer, Joseph Wilfrid (1869 - 1939) - Botanical collector, Minister of religion
E
- Eichler, Hansjörg (1916 - 1992) - Botanist
- Ewart, Alfred James (1872 - 1937) - Botanist, Plant physiologist
- Eyre, Edward John (1815 - 1901) - Explorer
F
- Fitzgerald, William Vincent (1867? - 1929) - Botanical collector, Botanist, Prospector
- Fletcher, Joseph James (1850 - 1926) - Science administrator, Zoologist, Botanist
- Flockton, Lilian Margaret (Margaret) (1861 - 1953) - Botanical artist
- Forrest, John (1847 - 1918) - Explorer, Politician, Surveyor
- French, Malcolm E. - Eucalyptologist, Taxonomist
- Froggatt, Walter Wilson (1858 - 1937) - Entomologist
G
- Gardner, Charles Austin (1896 - 1970) - Botanist, Conservationist, Educator
- Gilbert, John (1812 - 1845) - Naturalist, Explorer
- Giles, William Ernest Powell (Ernest) (1835 - 1897) - Explorer
- Gill, Walter (1851 - 1929) - Botanical collector, Ecology and Conservation
- Gillen, Francis James (1855 - 1912) - Anthropologist, Ethnologist
- Grasby, William Catton (1859 - 1930) - Agricultural journalist, Educator
- Gray, Alan Maurice (1943 - ) - Botanist, Taxonomist
- Gregory, Augustus Charles (1819 - 1905) - Surveyor, Explorer
- Gregson, Jesse (1837 - 1919) - Agricultural administrator, Botanical collector, Engineer
- Guilfoyle, William Robert (1840 - 1912) - Horticulturist, Landscape gardener
- Gunn, Ronald Campbell (1808 - 1881) - Botanical collector, Botanist
H
- Hall, Norman (1906 - 2005) - Botanical collector, Forester, Photographer
- Harper, Charles (1842 - 1912) - Agriculturalist, Newspaper proprietor, Parliamentarian
- Helms, Richard (1842 - 1914) - Botanical collector, Naturalist, Bacteriologist
- Hill, Gerald Freer (1880 - 1954) - Naturalist, Entomologist
- Hill, Kenneth D. (1948 - 2010) - Botanist
- Hill, Walter (1820 - 1904) - Botanic gardens director, Botanist, Explorer, Horticulturist
- Hooker, Joseph Dalton (1817 - 1911) - Antarctic researcher, Biogeographer, Botanic gardens director, Botanist, Explorer
- Hooker, William Jackson (1785 - 1865) - Botanic gardens director, Botanist
- Hopper, Stephen Donald (1951 - ) - Botanic gardens director, Botanist
- Howitt, Alfred William (1830 - 1908) - Anthropologist, Botanical collector, Botanist, Explorer, Geologist, Naturalist
J
- Jackson, Sidney William (1873 - 1946) - Oologist, Ornithologist
- Jacobs, Maxwell Ralph (1905 - 1979) - Botanical collector, Botanist, Forester
- Jensen, Harald Ingemann (1879 - 1966) - Botanical collector, Geologist, Soil expert
- Johnson, Lawrence Alexander Sidney (Lawrie) (1925 - 1997) - Botanic gardens director, Botanist
- Johnston, Robert Douglas (1922 - 2011) - Botanist
- Johnston, Robert Mackenzie (1843 - 1918) - Statistician, Naturalist
- Jutson, John Thomas (1874 - 1959) - Geologist, Lawyer
K
- Kerruish, C.M. (Bill) (1934 - ) - Forest scientist
- Kessell, Stephen Lackey (1897 - 1979) - Ecology and Conservation, Forester
- Kirkpatrick, James Barrie (1946 - ) - Environmental scientist, Geographer
- Kitson, Albert Ernest (1868 - 1937) - Geologist
- Kleinig, David - Botanist, Taxonomist
L
- La Billardière, Jacques-Julien Houtou de (1755 - 1834) - Botanical collector, Botanist, Naturalist
- Ladiges, Pauline Yvonne (1948 - ) - Botanist, Phylogenetic systematist, Taxonomist, University Administrator
- Lane-Poole, Charles Edward (1885 - 1970) - Botanical collector, Forester
- Laseron, Charles Francis (1887 - 1959) - Antarctic explorer, Conchologist, Zoological collector, Zoologist
- Lawrence, Robert (1807 - 1833) - Botanist
- Leichhardt, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig (1813 - 1848?) - Naturalist, Explorer
- L'Héritier de Brutelle, Charles Louis (1746 - 1800) - Botanist, Collector
- Lucas, Arthur Henry Shakespeare (1853 - 1936) - Explorer, Naturalist, Schoolmaster, Ornithologist
- Luehmann, Johann Georg (1843 - 1904) - Botanist
M
- Macarthur, William (1800 - 1882) - Horticulturist, Sheepbreeder
- Maiden, Joseph Henry (1859 - 1925) - Botanic gardens director, Economic botanist, Taxonomic botanist, Museum director
- Marsden, Samuel (1765 - 1838) - Minister of religion, Sheepbreeder
- McAulay, Alexander Leicester (1895 - 1969) - Physicist
- McKie, Ernest Norman (1882 - 1948) - Botanist, Minister of religion
- McKinlay, John (1819 - 1872) - Explorer
- Mitchell, Thomas Livingstone (1792 - 1855) - Explorer
- Moore, Charles (1820 - 1905) - Botanic gardens director, Botanist
- Moore, Thomas Bather (1850 - 1919) - Explorer, Botanical collector
- Morton, William Lockhart (1820 - 1898) - Explorer, Inventor
- Mueller, Ferdinand Jakob Heinrich von (1825 - 1896) - Botanic gardens director, Botanist, Naturalist
N
- Nangle, James (1868 - 1941) - Architect, Astronomer, Educator
- Nicolle, Dean (1974 - ) - Botanist, Taxonomist
O
- Oldfield, Augustus Frederick (1820 - 1887) - Botanical collector, Botanist
P
- Perrin, George Samuel - Forester
- Podger, Francis Denis (1933 - 1999?) - Conservationist, Ecologist, Forester
- Preiss, Johann August Ludwig (1811 - 1883) - Botanical collector, Naturalist
- Pryor, Lindsay Dixon (1915 - 1998) - Botanist, Forester
R
- Rodway, Leonard (1853 - 1936) - Botanist, Dentist
- Roe, John Septimus (1797 - 1878) - Surveyor, Explorer
- Rogers, Richard Sanders (c. 1861 - 1942) - Physician, Orchidologist
- Rowan, Marian Ellis (1848 - 1922) - Botanical artist, Explorer, Botanical collector
- Rule, Kevin James (1941 - ) - Botanical collector, Taxonomist
S
- Schauer, Johann Conrad (1813 - 1848) - Botanist
- Shirley, John Francis (1849 - 1922) - Educator, Naturalist
- Simmonds, Joseph Henry (1845 - 1936) - Botanical collector, Minister of religion
- Smith, Henry George (1852 - 1924) - Chemist, Mineralogist
- Smith, James Edward (1759 - 1828) - Botanist
- Solander, Daniel (1733 - 1782) - Explorer, Zoologist, Naturalist
- Spencer, Walter Baldwin (1860 - 1929) - Biologist, Anthropologist, Art patron
- St John, Percival Reginald Harry (1872 - 1944) - Botanical collector, Botanist
- Staiger, Karl Theodor (1833 - 1888) - Chemical analyst, Museum curator
- Stoate, Theodore Norman (1895 - 1979) - Forester
- Stuart, Charles (1802 - 1877) - Botanist, Natural history collector
- Swain, Edward Harold Fulcher (1883 - 1970) - Botanical collector, Forester
T
- Tate, Ralph (1840 - 1901) - Geologist, Botanist, Entomologist
- Todt, Emil Hermann (c. 1810 - 1900) - Botanical artist
- Turnbull, John Wright (1940 - ) - Botanical collector, Forester, Research scientist
- Turner, John (1947 - ) - Forest scientist
U
- Udovicic, Frank (1966 - ) - Botanist, Phylogenetic systematist
W
- Walsh, Neville (1956 - ) - Botanist
- Walter, Charles (1831? - 1907) - Botanical collector, Photographer
- Warren, William Henry (1852 - 1926) - Engineer, University Administrator
- Welch, Marcus Baldwin (1895 - 1942) - Botanist
- Weston, Thomas Charles George (1866 - 1935) - Forest scientist, Horticulturist
- White, Cyril Tenison (1890 - 1950) - Botanical collector, Botanist
- White, John (c. 1756 - 1832) - Naval officer, Surgeon
- White, Samuel Albert (1870 - 1954) - Ornithologist, Conservationist
- Wilkinson, Charles Smith (1843 - 1891) - Geologist
- Williamson, Herbert Bennett (1860 - 1931) - Botanist, School teacher
- Willis, James Hamlyn (1910 - 1995) - Botanist
- Woodward, Bernard Henry (1846 - 1916) - Museum director
- Woolls, William (1814 - 1893) - Botanist, Educator