Person

Martin, Charles James (1866 - 1955)

Kt FRS

Born
9 January 1866
Hackney, England
Died
15 February 1955
Cambridge, England
Occupation
Physiologist and Pathologist

Summary

Charles Martin was a physiologist and pathologist who was a pioneer of toxinology in Australia. Between 1891 and 1903 he taught physiology at the Universities of Sydney and Melbourne. During this time he undertook significant research on the chemistry and action of Australian snake venoms and the efficacy of treatments with antivenenes, and heat regulation and respiratory physiology in monotremes and marsupials. On returning to the United Kingdom in 1903 Martin continued his research at the Lister Institute of Disease Prevention, investigating in addition the epidemiology of bubonic plague and typhoid fever, vitamin deficiency diseases, and the nutritive value of proteins. During WW1, as a pathologist with the Australian Army Medical Corps, Martin's recommendations on diet and disease prevention led to greatly improved health for troops in the field. From 1931 to 1933 Martin was Chief of the CSIR Division of Animal Nutrition and Professor of Biochemistry and Physiology at the University of Adelaide.

Details

Chronology

1886
Education - Bachelor of Science (BSc), St Thomas's Hospital., London
1887 - 1891
Career position - Demonstrator and Lecturer, King's College, London
1889
Education - MRCS and LSA, St Thomas's Hospital, London
1890
Education - Bachelor of Medicine (MB), St Thomas's Hospital, London
1891 - 1897
Career position - Demonstrator in Physiology, University of Sydney
1895
Award - Royal Society of New South Wales Medal
1896
Education - Doctor of Science (DSc), St Thomas's Hospital, London
1897
Education - Doctor of Science (DSc), University of Melbourne
1897 - 1900
Career position - Lecturer in Physiology, University of Melbourne
1898
Career position - President, Section D (Biology), Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science
1900 - 1903
Career position - Acting Professor of Physiology, University of Melbourne
1901 - 1955
Award - Fellow, The Royal Society, London (FRS)
1903 - 1930
Career position - Inaugural Director, The Lister Institute, England
1908
Award - Doctor of Science (DSc), honoris causa, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
1912 - ?
Career position - Professor in Experimental Pathology, University of London
1913 - 1955
Education - Fellow, Royal College of Physicians, United Kingdom
1915 - 1919
Career position - Pathologist, Australian Army Medical Corps
1919
Award - Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) - Australian Infantry Forces, Medical Corps, France and Flanders
1922
Award - Hon DCL, University of Durham, United Kingdom
1922
Award - Hon LLD, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
1923
Award - Medal of the Royal Society, London
1927
Award - Knight Bachelor (Kt)
1931 - 1933
Career position - Professor of Biochemistry and General Physiology, University of Adelaide
1931 - 1933
Career position - Chief, CSIR Division of Animal Nutrition
1932
Career event - Elected Member (Physiology?), Australian National Research Council

Related Awards

Related Corporate Bodies

Archival resources

Adolph Basser Library, Australian Academy of Science

  • Charles James Martin - Records, 1895 - 1957, MS 011; Adolph Basser Library, Australian Academy of Science. Details

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Corporate Records and Archives Strategies

  • Charles James Martin - Records, 1930 - 1935; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Corporate Records and Archives Strategies. Details

Published resources

Encyclopedia of Australian Science and Innovation Exhibitions

Books

  • Gibbs, Martin, Charles Martin: His Life and Letters (London: Martin Gibbs, 2011), 296 pp. Details
  • Morison, Patricia, The Martin spirit: Charles Martin and the foundation of biological science in Australia (Canberra: Halstead Press, 2019), 296 pp. Details

Book Sections

  • Morison, Patricia, 'Martin, Sir Charles James (1866-1955), physiologist and pathologist' in Australian dictionary of biography, volume 10: 1891 - 1939 Lat-Ner, Bede Nairn and Geoffrey Serle, eds (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1986), pp. 423-425. http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A100414b.htm. Details

Journal Articles

  • Anon, 'Obituary: Charles James Martin', Medical Journal of Australia, 1955 (1) (1955), 809-12. Details
  • Chick, Harriette, 'Charles James Martin, 1866-1955', Biographical memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, 2 (1956), 173-208, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.1956.0013. Details
  • Copping, A. M., 'Sir Charles James Martin - a biographical sketch (1866 - 1955)', Journal of nutrition, 101 (1) (1971), 3-8. Details
  • Copping, Alice M., 'Sir Charles James Martin - a biographical sketch (1866 - 1955)', Journal of nutrition, 101 (1) (1971), 1-8. Details
  • Fairley, N., 'Sir Charles Martin, C.M.G., D.SC., LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.C.P., F.R.S.', Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 49 (3) (1955), 289-90. Details
  • Hawgood, B. J., 'Sir Charles James Martin MD FRS: Australian serpents and Indian plague, one hundred years ago', Toxicon, 35 (7) (1997), 999-1010. Details
  • Hume, E. M., 'Obituary: Charles James Martin, Kt, C.M.G., F.R.C.P., D.Sc., F.R.S. (9 January 1866 - 15 February 1955)', British journal of nutrition, 10 (1956), 1-7. Details
  • Martin, C. J., 'The curative value of Calmette's antivenomous serum in the treatment of inoculations with the poisons of Australian snakes', Intercolonial medical journal of Australasia, 2 (1897), 527-36. Details
  • Martin, C.J., 'Note on a Method of Separating Colloids from Crystalloids by Filtration', Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, 30 (1896), 147-149. Details
  • Martin, C.J.; and Smith, John McGarvie, 'The Venom of the Australian Black Snake (Pseudachis porphyriacus)', Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, 26 (1892), 240-264, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41721418. Details
  • Robertson, Muriel, 'Charles James Martin 9th January 1866 - 15th February 1955', Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology, 71 (2) (1956), 519-534. Details
  • Robertson, Muriel; and Inglis, Keith, 'Charles James Martin 9th January 1866 - 15 February 1955', Journal of pathology and bacteriology, 71 (2) (1956), 519-34. Details
  • Schedvin, C. B., 'Environment, Economy and Australian Biology 1890-1939', Historical Studies, 21 (1984), 11-28. Details

Resources

Resource Sections

Reviews

See also

  • Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering, Technology in Australia 1788-1988, Online edn, Australian Science and Technology Heritage Centre, Melbourne, 3 May 2000, http://www.austehc.unimelb.edu.au/tia/index_m.html. Details
  • Fenner, Frank ed., History of Microbiology in Australia (Melbourne: Australian Society for Microbiology, 1990), 624 pp. Details
  • French, E. L.; and Stewart, D.F., 'Lionel Bately Bull, 1889-1978', Historical Records of Australian Science, 5 (4) (1983), 90-110. https://doi.org/10.1071/HR9830540090. Details
  • Howie-Willis, Ian, 'Malariology in Australia between the first and second world wars (part 2 of "Pioneers of Australian military malariology")', Journal of Military and Veterans' Health, 24 (2) (2016), 28-39. Details
  • Pearn, John and Winkel, Kenneth D., 'Toxinology in Australia's Colonial Era: a Chronology and Perspective of Human Envenomation in 19th Century Australia', Toxicon, 48 (7) (2006), 726-737. Details
  • Russell, K. F., The Melbourne Medical School 1862-1962 (Melbourne: 1977). Details
  • Winkel, Kenneth D.; Mirtschin, Peter and Pearn, John, 'Twentieth Century Toxinology and Antivenom development in Australia', Toxicon, 48 (7) (2006), 738-754 . Details

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