Person
Martin, Charles James (1866 - 1955)
Kt FRS
- Born
- 9 January 1866
Hackney, England - Died
- 15 February 1955
Cambridge, England - Occupation
- Physiologist and Pathologist
Summary
Charles Martin was a physiologist and pathologist who was a pioneer of toxinology in Australia. Between 1891 and 1903 he taught physiology at the Universities of Sydney and Melbourne. During this time he undertook significant research on the chemistry and action of Australian snake venoms and the efficacy of treatments with antivenenes, and heat regulation and respiratory physiology in monotremes and marsupials. On returning to the United Kingdom in 1903 Martin continued his research at the Lister Institute of Disease Prevention, investigating in addition the epidemiology of bubonic plague and typhoid fever, vitamin deficiency diseases, and the nutritive value of proteins. During WW1, as a pathologist with the Australian Army Medical Corps, Martin's recommendations on diet and disease prevention led to greatly improved health for troops in the field. From 1931 to 1933 Martin was Chief of the CSIR Division of Animal Nutrition and Professor of Biochemistry and Physiology at the University of Adelaide.
Details
Chronology
- 1886
- Education - Bachelor of Science (BSc), St Thomas's Hospital., London
- 1887 - 1891
- Career position - Demonstrator and Lecturer, King's College, London
- 1889
- Education - MRCS and LSA, St Thomas's Hospital, London
- 1890
- Education - Bachelor of Medicine (MB), St Thomas's Hospital, London
- 1891 - 1897
- Career position - Demonstrator in Physiology, University of Sydney
- 1895
- Award - Royal Society of New South Wales Medal
- 1896
- Education - Doctor of Science (DSc), St Thomas's Hospital, London
- 1897
- Education - Doctor of Science (DSc), University of Melbourne
- 1897 - 1900
- Career position - Lecturer in Physiology, University of Melbourne
- 1898
- Career position - President, Section D (Biology), Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science
- 1900 - 1903
- Career position - Acting Professor of Physiology, University of Melbourne
- 1901 - 1955
- Award - Fellow, The Royal Society, London (FRS)
- 1903 - 1930
- Career position - Inaugural Director, The Lister Institute, England
- 1908
- Award - Doctor of Science (DSc), honoris causa, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
- 1912 - ?
- Career position - Professor in Experimental Pathology, University of London
- 1913 - 1955
- Education - Fellow, Royal College of Physicians, United Kingdom
- 1915 - 1919
- Career position - Pathologist, Australian Army Medical Corps
- 1919
- Award - Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) - Australian Infantry Forces, Medical Corps, France and Flanders
- 1922
- Award - Hon DCL, University of Durham, United Kingdom
- 1922
- Award - Hon LLD, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- 1923
- Award - Medal of the Royal Society, London
- 1927
- Award - Knight Bachelor (Kt)
- 1931 - 1933
- Career position - Professor of Biochemistry and General Physiology, University of Adelaide
- 1931 - 1933
- Career position - Chief, CSIR Division of Animal Nutrition
- 1932
- Career event - Elected Member (Physiology?), Australian National Research Council
Related entries
Colleague
Archival resources
Adolph Basser Library, Australian Academy of Science
- Charles James Martin - Records, 1895 - 1957, MS 011; Adolph Basser Library, Australian Academy of Science. Details
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Corporate Records and Archives Strategies
- Charles James Martin - Records, 1930 - 1935; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Corporate Records and Archives Strategies. Details
Published resources
Encyclopedia of Australian Science and Innovation Exhibitions
- Collins, David, Chemistry in 19th Australia - Select Bibliography, An exhibition of the Encyclopedia circa 2005 with assistance from Ailie Smith and Gavan McCarthy., eScholarship Research Centre (original publisher), Melbourne, 2009, https://eoas.info/exhibitions/ciab/ciab_ALL.html. Details
- Smith, Ailie, Adolph Basser Library Manuscript Collection, eScholarship Research Centre, 2012, http://www.eoas.info/basser_browse.html. Details
Books
- Gibbs, Martin, Charles Martin: His Life and Letters (London: Martin Gibbs, 2011), 296 pp. Details
- Morison, Patricia, The Martin spirit: Charles Martin and the foundation of biological science in Australia (Canberra: Halstead Press, 2019), 296 pp. Details
Book Sections
- Morison, Patricia, 'Martin, Sir Charles James (1866-1955), physiologist and pathologist' in Australian dictionary of biography, volume 10: 1891 - 1939 Lat-Ner, Bede Nairn and Geoffrey Serle, eds (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1986), pp. 423-425. http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A100414b.htm. Details
Journal Articles
- Anon, 'Obituary: Charles James Martin', Medical Journal of Australia, 1955 (1) (1955), 809-12. Details
- Chick, Harriette, 'Charles James Martin, 1866-1955', Biographical memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, 2 (1956), 173-208, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.1956.0013. Details
- Copping, A. M., 'Sir Charles James Martin - a biographical sketch (1866 - 1955)', Journal of nutrition, 101 (1) (1971), 3-8. Details
- Copping, Alice M., 'Sir Charles James Martin - a biographical sketch (1866 - 1955)', Journal of nutrition, 101 (1) (1971), 1-8. Details
- Fairley, N., 'Sir Charles Martin, C.M.G., D.SC., LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.C.P., F.R.S.', Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 49 (3) (1955), 289-90. Details
- Hawgood, B. J., 'Sir Charles James Martin MD FRS: Australian serpents and Indian plague, one hundred years ago', Toxicon, 35 (7) (1997), 999-1010. Details
- Hume, E. M., 'Obituary: Charles James Martin, Kt, C.M.G., F.R.C.P., D.Sc., F.R.S. (9 January 1866 - 15 February 1955)', British journal of nutrition, 10 (1956), 1-7. Details
- Martin, C. J., 'The curative value of Calmette's antivenomous serum in the treatment of inoculations with the poisons of Australian snakes', Intercolonial medical journal of Australasia, 2 (1897), 527-36. Details
- Martin, C.J., 'Note on a Method of Separating Colloids from Crystalloids by Filtration', Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, 30 (1896), 147-149. Details
- Martin, C.J.; and Smith, John McGarvie, 'The Venom of the Australian Black Snake (Pseudachis porphyriacus)', Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, 26 (1892), 240-264, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41721418. Details
- Robertson, Muriel, 'Charles James Martin 9th January 1866 - 15th February 1955', Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology, 71 (2) (1956), 519-534. Details
- Robertson, Muriel; and Inglis, Keith, 'Charles James Martin 9th January 1866 - 15 February 1955', Journal of pathology and bacteriology, 71 (2) (1956), 519-34. Details
- Schedvin, C. B., 'Environment, Economy and Australian Biology 1890-1939', Historical Studies, 21 (1984), 11-28. Details
Resources
- Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society [Online resource], Royal Society of London, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.1956.0013. Details
- VIAF - Virtual International Authority File, OCLC, https://viaf.org/viaf/84827020. Details
- Wikidata, http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5079447. Details
- 'Martin, Charles James (1866-1955)', Trove, National Library of Australia, 2009, https://nla.gov.au/nla.party-1474286. Details
Resource Sections
- 'Martin, Charles James - Ms 11', in Listing of Adolph Basser Library holdings, Australian Academy of Science, 1994, http://www.science.org.au/basser/manuscript-collection/ms011.html. Details
Reviews
- Gibbs, Martin, Charles Martin: His Life and Letters (2011)
Jones, Ross L., Historical Records of Australian Science, 24 (1), (2013), 167-8, https://doi.org/10.1071/HR12024. Details
See also
- Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering, Technology in Australia 1788-1988, Online edn, Australian Science and Technology Heritage Centre, Melbourne, 3 May 2000, http://www.austehc.unimelb.edu.au/tia/index_m.html. Details
- Fenner, Frank ed., History of Microbiology in Australia (Melbourne: Australian Society for Microbiology, 1990), 624 pp. Details
- French, E. L.; and Stewart, D.F., 'Lionel Bately Bull, 1889-1978', Historical Records of Australian Science, 5 (4) (1983), 90-110. https://doi.org/10.1071/HR9830540090. Details
- Howie-Willis, Ian, 'Malariology in Australia between the first and second world wars (part 2 of "Pioneers of Australian military malariology")', Journal of Military and Veterans' Health, 24 (2) (2016), 28-39. Details
- Pearn, John and Winkel, Kenneth D., 'Toxinology in Australia's Colonial Era: a Chronology and Perspective of Human Envenomation in 19th Century Australia', Toxicon, 48 (7) (2006), 726-737. Details
- Russell, K. F., The Melbourne Medical School 1862-1962 (Melbourne: 1977). Details
- Winkel, Kenneth D.; Mirtschin, Peter and Pearn, John, 'Twentieth Century Toxinology and Antivenom development in Australia', Toxicon, 48 (7) (2006), 738-754 . Details
Gavan McCarthy [P004098] and Helen Cohn
Created: 20 October 1993, Last modified: 6 October 2023
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