Person
Huxley, Thomas Henry (1825 - 1895)
FRS
- Born
- 4 May 1825
Ealing, Middlesex, England - Died
- 29 June 1895
Eastbourne, England - Occupation
- Biologist and Anthropologist
Summary
Thomas Huxley was assistant surgeon and naturalist in Australia and surrounding waters from 1846 to 1850 on board H.M.S. Rattlesnake. His fellow naturalist on board was John MacGillivray. Owen Stanley, in command of Rattlesnake, had orders to survey of a safe passage through the Great Barrier Reef in continuation of the work of Francis Blackwood in H.M.S. Fly. Despite lacking adequate facilities, Huxley and MacGillivray made considerable collections of biological specimens. Huxley, who in his later career became renowned for his expertise in comparative morphology, worked on marine invertebrates during the voyage and after returning to London. His pioneering studies, based on these specimens, resulted in papers on the morphology of cephalopods, brachiopods and rotifers, and revolutionised the classification of Medusae and Tunicata. In his later career Huxley played a central role in scientific circles in the United Kingdom. Among the numerous scientific societies of which he was President was the Royal Society. He is perhaps best known as a staunch supporter of Charles Darwin and his theory of evolution.
Details
Chronology
- December 1846 - 1850
- Career position - Assistant surgeon and naturalist, H.M.S. Rattlesnake
- 1850
- Education - Passed first MB examination, University of London
- 1851 - 1895
- Award - Fellow, The Royal Society, London (FRS)
- 1852
- Award - Royal Medal, The Royal Society, London
- 1854 - 1885
- Career position - Professor of Natural History, Royal School of Mines, London
- 1855 -
- Career position - Naturalist, Geological Survey of Great Britain
- 1855 - 1858
- Career position - Fullerian Professor, Royal Institute, London
- 1865 - 1867
- Career position - Hunterian Professor, Royal College of Surgeons, London
- 1868 - 1870
- Career position - President, Geological Society, London
- 1869 -
- Award - Member, American Philosophical Society
- 1869 - 1870
- Career position - President, British Association for the Advancement of Science
- 1876
- Award - Wollaston Medal, Geological Society, London
- 1878
- Career position - President, Queckett Microscopical Society
- 1880
- Award - Clarke Medal, Royal Society of New South Wales
- 1881 - 1885
- Career position - Inspector of Fisheries, United Kingdom
- 1883 - 1885
- Career position - President, Royal Society of London
- 1884 - 1890
- Career position - President. Marine Biological Association
- 1888
- Award - Copley Medal, The Royal Society, London
- 1890
- Award - Linnean Medal, Linnean Society, London
- 1892 - 1895
- Career position - Privy Councillor
- 1893
- Award - Hayden Memorial Geological Award, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, U.S.A.
- 1894
- Award - Darwin Medal, Royal Society of London
Related entries
Colleague
Archival resources
Adolph Basser Library, Australian Academy of Science
- Thomas Henry Huxley - Records, 1851 - 1971, MS 134; Adolph Basser Library, Australian Academy of Science. Details
John Oxley Library, Manuscripts and Business Records Collection, State Library of Queensland
- Thomas Henry Huxley - Records, 1847 - 1848, OM82-2; John Oxley Library, Manuscripts and Business Records Collection, State Library of Queensland. Details
Mitchell and Dixson Libraries Manuscripts Collection, State Library of New South Wales
- Linnean Society of London - Records, 1792 - 1870, FM 4/2699; Mitchell and Dixson Libraries Manuscripts Collection, State Library of New South Wales. Details
- Thomas Henry Huxley - Records, c. 1953 - c. 1956, A4000; Mitchell and Dixson Libraries Manuscripts Collection, State Library of New South Wales. Details
- Thomas Henry Huxley - Records, 1846 - 1850, FM 4/216; Mitchell and Dixson Libraries Manuscripts Collection, State Library of New South Wales. Details
National Library of Australia Manuscript Collection
- G. H. Inskip - Records, 1849 - 1950, MS 3784; National Library of Australia Manuscript Collection. Details
- James Thomas Stanton - Records, 1849 - 1951, MS 4029; National Library of Australia Manuscript Collection. Details
- Thomas Henry Huxley - Records, 1825 - 1895, Mfm M876-916; National Library of Australia Manuscript Collection. Details
- William Henry Archer - Records, 1847 - 1866, MS 264; National Library of Australia Manuscript Collection. Details
National Library of Australia Pictures Collection
- Thomas Henry Huxley - Pictures, 1847, PIC R449 LOC1111; National Library of Australia Pictures Collection. Details
- Thomas Henry Huxley - Pictures, 1946, PIC R449 LOC1112; National Library of Australia Pictures Collection. Details
State Library of Victoria, Australian Manuscripts Collection
- Thomas Henry Huxley - Records, 1825 - 1895, M876-916; State Library of Victoria, Australian Manuscripts Collection. Details
Published resources
Encyclopedia of Australian Science and Innovation Exhibitions
- Smith, Ailie, Adolph Basser Library Manuscript Collection, eScholarship Research Centre, 2012, http://www.eoas.info/basser_browse.html. Details
Books
- Bashford, Alison, The Huxleys: an intimate history of evolution (Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press, 2022), 576 pp. Details
- Bassett, Marnie, Behind the picture: H.M.S. Rattlesnake's New Guinea cruise, 1846 to 1850 (Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1966), 112 pp. Details
- Bibby, Cyril, Scientist extraordinary: the life and scientific works of Thomas Henry Huxley, 1825 - 1895 (Oxford: Pergamon, 1972), 208 pp. Details
- Di Gregorio, Mario A., T.H. Huxley's place in natural science (New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1984), 253 pp. Details
- Goodman, Jordan, The Rattlesnake: a Voyage of Discovery to the Coral Sea (London: Faber and Faber, 2005), 357 pp. Details
- Huxley, J., Thomas Henry Huxley's Diary of the Voyage of H.M.S. Rattlesnake (London: 1935). Details
- Huxley, L., Life and letters of Thomas Henry Huxley, 2 vols (London: Macmillan, 1900). Details
- Huxley, T. H., The oceanic Hydrozoa: a description of the Calycophoridae and Physophoridae observed during the voyage of H.M.S. "Rattlesnake", in the years 1846 - 1850 (London: Ray Society, 1859), 143 pp. Details
- Huxley, T. H., Collected essays, 9 vols (London: Mcmillan, 1893-1894). Details
- Huxley, T. H.: edited from the unpublished MS by Julian Huxley, T. H. Huxley's diary of the voyage of H.M.S. Rattlesnake (London: Chatto and Windus, 1935), 371 pp. Details
- Marshall, A. J., Darwin and Huxley in Australia (Sydney: Hodder and Stoughton, 1970), 142 pp. Details
- McCalman, Iain,, Darwin's Armada (Camberwell (Vic.) : Viking, 2009), 422 pp. Details
- McKenna, Mark, From the edge: Australia's lost histories (Melbourne: The Miegunyah Press (University of Melbourne Publishing Ltd), 2016), xx, 251 pp. See pages: 95, 102, 103. Details
- White, Paul, Thomas Huxley: making the "Man of Science" (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 222 pp. Details
Book Sections
- Butcher, Barry W., 'Gorilla Warfare in Melbourne: Halford, Huxley and 'Man's Place in Nature'' in Australian Science in the Making, R. W. Home, ed. (Sydney: Cambridge University Press, 1988), pp. 153-169. Details
- Mozley, Ann, 'Huxley, Thomas Henry (1825-1895), biologist, anthropologist and philosopher' in Australian dictionary of biography, volume 1: 1788 - 1850 A-H, Douglas Pike, ed. (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1966), pp. 577-578. http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A010535b.htm. Details
Edited Books
- Foster, M.; and Lankester, E. Ray eds, The scientific memoirs of Thomas Henry Huxley, 4 vols (London: MacMillan, 1900-). Details
Journal Articles
- Goodman, Jordan, 'Losing it in New Guinea: the Voyage of HMS Rattlesnake', Endeavour, 29 (2005), 60-5. Details
- Huxley, T. H., 'On the anatomy and affinities of the family Medusae', Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society, 139 (1849), 413-34. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1849.0022. Details
- Huxley, T. H., 'Joseph Beete Jukes', Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London, 26 (1870), xxxii-xxxiv. Details
- Murray, Tim, 'Mr Miles, Mr Oldfield and Professor Huxley: early thoughts on the origins of the Australians', Bulletin of the history of archaeology, 33 (1) (2023), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.5334/bha-671. Details
- Murray, Tim, 'Mr Miles, Mr Oldfield and Professor Huxley: early thoughts on the origins of the Australians', Bulletin of the history of archaeology, 33 (1) (2023), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.5334/bha-671. Details
- White, Paul, 'Science at Home: the Space between Henrietta Heathorn and Thomas Huxley', History of Science, 34 (1) (1996), 33-56. Details
Resources
- VIAF - Virtual International Authority File, OCLC, https://viaf.org/viaf/66511085. Details
- Wikidata, http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q184366. Details
- 'Huxley, Thomas Henry (1825-1895)', Trove, National Library of Australia, 2009, https://nla.gov.au/nla.party-869246. Details
Resource Sections
- 'Huxley, Thomas Henry - Ms 134', in Listing of Adolph Basser Library holdings, Australian Academy of Science, 1994, http://www.science.org.au/basser/manuscript-collection/ms134.html. Details
Reviews
- Bashford, Alison, The Huxleys: an intimate history of evolution (2022)
Rose, Edwin D., Isis, 115 (3), (2024), 676-7. Details
Theses
- Jensen, Sophie Alice, 'On such a full sea: John MacGillivray (1821 - 1867)', PhD thesis, Australian National University, 2010, 339 pp. Details
See also
- Bowen, James; Bowen, Margarita, The Great Barrier Reef: History, Science, Heritage (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 454 pp. Details
- Lubbock, Adelaide, Owen Stanley, R.N., 1811 - 1850, captain of the Rattlesnake (Melbourne: London: Heinemann, 1968), 298 pp. Details
- Pybus, Cassandra, A very secret trade: the dark story of gentlemen collectors in Tasmania (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2024), 318 pp. https://www.allenandunwin.com/browse/book/Cassandra-Pybus-Very-Secret-Trade-9781761066344. Pages 20, 63, 125, 195, 196, 248. Details
- Turnbull, Paul, 'Australian museums, Aboriginal skeletal remains, and the imagining of human evolutionary history', Museum & society, 13 (1) (2015), 72-87. https://doi.org/10.29311/mas.v13i1.318. Pages 75. Details
- West, Francis, 'Stanley, Owen (1811-1850), naval officer' in Australian dictionary of biography, volume 2: 1788 - 1850 I-Z, Douglas Pike, ed. (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1967), pp. 470-471. http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A020436b.htm. Details
Gavan McCarthy [P004098] and Helen Cohn
Created: 20 October 1993, Last modified: 6 October 2023
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