Person

Wilson, James Thomas (1861 - 1945)

FRS

Born
14 April 1861
Moniavie, Dumfriesshire, Scotland
Died
2 September 1945
Cambridge, England
Occupation
Anatomist and Naturalist

Summary

James Wilson was a distinguished anatomist who arrived in Australia in 1887 to take up a position of demonstrator in the University of Sydney's new medical school. Within three years he became Challis Professor of Anatomy, a position he held for 30 years. As Professor he founded a school based of the teaching of anatomy as a biological science, with emphasis on dissection and laboratory techniques, and the use of a museum of practical teaching aids. He established an undergraduate course in neuroanatomy, and encouraged postgraduate neurological research. Wilson worked closely with other anatomists on pioneering and authoritative studies of Australian fauna: the embryology of platypus (with James P. Hill), the snout of platypus (with Charles Martin), the musculature of marsupial moles, the dentition of marsupials. Numerous papers were published from this research. Wilson's later work was on the morphology of the calamus region of the human brain. In 1920 Wilson was appointed to the chair of Anatomy at University of Cambridge, from which position he retired in 1943.

Details

Chronology

1883
Career position - Resident House Surgeon, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh
1883
Education - MB, ChM, University of Edinburgh
1884
Career position - Ship's surgeon in the Far East
1885 - 1886
Career position - Demonstrator in Anatomy, University of Edinburgh
1887
Career position - Resident Medical Officer, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney
1887 - 1890
Career position - Demonstrator in Anatomy, University of Sydney
1888
Career event - Original [founding] member, Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science
1890 - 1920
Career position - Challis Professor of Anatomy, University of Sydney
1893 - 1900
Career position - Member of Council, Linnean Society of New South Wales
1895
Career position - Chairman, Professorial Board, University of Sydney
1897 - 1899
Career position - President, Linnean Society of New South Wales
1901 - 1902
Career position - President, Sydney University Union
1906 - 1912
Career position - Member of Council, Linnean Society of New South Wales
1908
Career position - President, Pharmacology, Anatomy and Physiology Sections, Australasian Medical Congress
1908 - 1912
Career position - Chairman, Professorial Board, University of Sydney
1909 - 1945
Award - Fellow, The Royal Society, London (FRS)
1914
Career position - Local Secretary for Sydney, Section H (Anthropology), British Association for the Advancement of Science Meeting
1916 - 1919
Career position - Chairman, Professorial Board, University of Sydney
1916 - 1920
Career position - Fellow of the Senate, University of Sydney
1920
Career position - Dean, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney
1920 - 1934
Career position - Professor of Anatomy, University of Cambridge
1921 - 1938
Career position - Executive councillor, Universities' Bureau of the British Empire
1922 - 1924
Career position - President, Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
1922 - 1924
Career position - President, Cambridge Philosophical Society
1926
Award - LLD honoris causa, University of Edinburgh

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Related Events

Archival resources

Adolph Basser Library, Australian Academy of Science

  • James Peter Hill - Records, 1896 - 1945, MS 055; Adolph Basser Library, Australian Academy of Science. Details
  • James Thomas Wilson - Records, 1883 - 1940, MS 035; Adolph Basser Library, Australian Academy of Science. Details

Mitchell and Dixson Libraries Manuscripts Collection, State Library of New South Wales

  • Baldwin Spencer - Records, 1880 - 1929, ML MSS 29; Mitchell and Dixson Libraries Manuscripts Collection, State Library of New South Wales. Details

University of Sydney, Archives

  • James Thomas Wilson - Records, 1815 - 1953, P 162; University of Sydney, Archives. Details

Published resources

Encyclopedia of Australian Science and Innovation Exhibitions

Book Sections

Journal Articles

  • 'Obituary: James Thomas Wilson', Australian Journal of Science, 8 (2-3) (1945), 69. Details
  • Geffen, Laurie and Spencer, Nick J., 'Early Australian neuroscientists and the tyranny of distance', Journal of the history of the neurosciences, 33 (1) (2024), 57-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/0964704X.2023.2232824. Details
  • Hill, J. P., 'James Thomas Wilson, 1861 1945', Obituary notices of Fellows of the Royal Society, 6 (18) (1949), 643-60. Details
  • Morison, P., 'J.T. Wilson and the Fraternity of Duckmaloi', Clio-Medica (1997), 487. Details
  • Schedvin, C. B., 'Environment, Economy and Australian Biology 1890-1939', Historical Studies, 21 (1984), 11-28. Details
  • Smith, S. A., 'The Life and Work of James Thomas Wilson', Bulletin of the Post-Graduate Committee in Medicine, University of Sydney, 6 (1950), 1-12. Details
  • Wilson, J. T., 'Ideals in medical education', Intercolonial medical journal of Australasia, 6 (9) (1901), 405-31. Details
  • Wilson, J. T., 'In memoriam: John Irvine Hunter, M.D.', Journal of anatomy London, 59 (1925), 349-54. Details
  • Wilson, J. T., 'Sir Grafton Elliot Smith', Obituary notices of Fellows of the Royal Society, 2 (1938), 323-33. Details
  • Wilson. J. T., 'Sir Grafton Elliot Smith: a biographical sketch of his earlier career', Journal of anatomy, 66 (1936), 1-6. Details

Resources

Resource Sections

See also

  • Allen, Jim, 'The curious history of the Talgai skull', Bulletin of the history of archaeology, 20 (20) (2010), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.5334/bha.20202. Details
  • Morison, Patricia, The Martin spirit: Charles Martin and the foundation of biological science in Australia (Canberra: Halstead Press, 2019), 296 pp. Details
  • Paterson, M. S., 'John Conrad Jaeger 1907-1979', Historical Records of Australian Science, 5 (3) (1982), 64-88. https://doi.org/10.1071/HR9820530064. Details
  • Young, John Atherton, Sefton, Ann Jervie and Webb, Nina eds, Centenary Book of the University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine (Sydney: Sydney University Press, 1984), 568 pp. Details

Gavan McCarthy [P004098] and Helen Cohn

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